DESAFÍOS DE LA POLÍTICA ONTOLÓGICA INTERÉTNICA: RELACIONES CONFLICTIVAS CON CERROS CON AGENCIA EN EL NORTE DEL PERÚ
Palabras clave:
Política ontológica, comunidades interétnicas, más-que-humano, justicia climática, justicia socialResumen
Los norteños de la costa peruana responden a la corrupción política, al cambio climático y a la devastación medioambiental comprometiéndose con los Apus indígenas como líderes de movimientos ecológicos y cocreadores de un mundo interétnico. Desafían los modelos sociales del capitalismo neoliberal y el colonialismo de colonos, que se basan en la distinción entre lo humano y lo no humano y promueven el excepcionalismo humano. Los académicos han considerado formas radicalmente distintas de personas no humanas y sus maneras de estar en el mundo. Al trabajar más allá de las limitaciones teóricas de los enfoques ontológicos (formas de ser) y del activismo político y dentro del ámbito de una política medioambiental y espiritual local, basada en el lugar, muestro cómo pueden desbaratarse las dicotomías históricas del pensamiento occidental y sus efectos. Analizo las dificultades de la política ontológica en un contexto que no se adscribe a las fantasías académicas y políticas de la pureza indígena frente a la modernidad. Analizo las formas conflictivas en que los norteños se relacionan con paisajes más-que-humanos para proporcionar un modelo de acción moral-ambiental-política radical, en el que la “comunidad” y el “bienestar” se definen como humanos en relación con el lugar-como-personas y la “naturaleza” se resignifica como un ancla para la justicia social.
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