EL CHAMANISMO DESDE UNA PERSPECTIVA TRANSCULTURAL
Traducción de un artículo originalmente publicado en International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 31(2), 2013, pp. 47-62.
Palabras clave:
controversia sobre el chamán, chamanismo prehistórico, universales chamánicos, modo integrativo de conciencia, bases biológicas de los estados alterados de concienciaResumen
El presente artículo revisita los orígenes del concepto de chamán y recapitula las principales fuentes de controversia en relación con la existencia y la naturaleza del chamanismo. Para clarificar la confusión en torno a este concepto, se reseñan investigaciones que respaldan la noción de chamán como concepto transcultural mediante evidencia empírica, lo que permite distinguir a estos practicantes de otros tipos de sanadores chamanísticos. Se examinan los universales chamánicos más comunes implicados en los estados alterados de conciencia desde una perspectiva psicobiológica, con el objetivo de ilustrar las relaciones que existen entre el chamanismo y la naturaleza humana. Los factores biológicos asociados a los estados alterados de conciencia contribuyen a explicar los orígenes del chamanismo, al tiempo que la influencia de lo social sobre este aspecto de la naturaleza humana permite dar cuenta de diversas manifestaciones de los fenómenos chamanísticos que se relacionan con la generación de respuestas endógenas de sanación.
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